Presença portuguesa no Japão do século XVI e XVII.

ABSTRAKT - Obecność portugalska w Japonii w XVI i XVII wieku Celem niniejszej pracy licencjackiej jest omówienie relacji portugalsko-japońskich w XVI i XVII wieku, skupiając się przede wszystkim na założeniu misji jezuickiej w Japonii oraz na kontaktach handlowych między dwoma narodami. Będzie w niej mowa o listach jezuickich, jako o ważnym źródle informacji o życiu politycznym i kulturowym Japonii między okresem Sengoku Jidai a szogunatem Tokugawa. Praca próbuje też ustalić, w jaki sposób wydarzenia z historii Japonii wpłynęły na sytuację Portugalczyków w kraju. Opisuje szczegółowo przebieg działań katechizujących w Japonii, od przybycia pierwszych reprezentantów Kościoła w 1549, kontynuując z rozwojem społeczności chrześcijańskiej pod ochroną Ody Nobunagi i kończąc na zakazaniu religii oraz początku prześladowań. Oprócz tego zostanie omówiony wpływ kultury portugalskiej na takie sfery życia japońskiego jak język, sztuka czy medycyna. Na końcu staramy się wyjaśnić powody, dla których władza polityczna zmieniła swój stosunek do misjonarzy i handlarzy portugalskich. Pokazujemy konsekwencje praw antychrześcijańskich i sposoby używane przez rząd japoński, aby wykryć i wyeliminować chrześcijaństwo w kraju. Kończymy, przedstawiając pierwszą fazę izolacji Japonii wobec reszty świata.

ABSTRACT – The Portuguese presence in 16th and 17th century Japan The objective of this bachelor’s thesis is to study the Portuguese-Japanese relations, focusing primarily on the formation of the Jesuit mission in Japan and on the trade contacts between the two nations. It will speak of Jesuit writing as an essential source of information on the political and cultural life of Japan from the period of Sengoku Jidai to the Tokugawa Shogunate. This work will try to establish the events of Japanese history and what kind of impact they had on the situation of Portuguese people in Japan. It describes in detail the course of catechizing activities in Japan, starting with the arrival of the first representatives of the Church in 1549, continuing with the development of the Christian community under the protection of Oda Nobunaga, and ending with the prohibition of Christianity and the beginning of persecutions. In addition the influence of Portuguese culture on such areas of Japanese life as language, art and medicine will be discussed. At the end, it seeks to explain the reasons why the political power changed it’s attitude towards the missionaries and Portuguese traders. It shows the consequences of anti-Christian laws and the ways used by the Japanese government to detect and eliminate Christianity in the country. It concludes by presenting the first phase of Japan's isolation to the rest of the world.

RESUMO - Presença portuguesa no Japão do século XVI e XVII O objetivo do seguinte trabalho de licenciatura é estudar as relações luso-nipônicas do século XVI e XVII, focando principalmente no estabelecimento da missão jesuíta no Japão e os contatos comerciais entre as duas nações. Se falará da escrita jesuíta como uma fonte das informações essencial sobre a vida política e cultural do Japão do período Sengoku Jidai até o xogunato Tokugawa. Se tentará estabelecer os acontecimentos da história japonesa e que tipo de impacto tiveram na situação dos portugueses no Japão. Em detalhes descreve-se o curso das atividades catequísticas no Japão, começando com a chegada dos primeiros representantes da Igreja em 1549, continuando com o desenvolvimento da comunidade cristã sob a proteção de Oda Nobunaga, até a proibição do cristiansimo e começo das perseguições. Além disso aborda-se a influência da cultura portuguesa nas esferas da vida japonesa como idioma, arte e medicina. No fim procura-se explicar as razões pelas quais o poder mudou a sua atitude em relação aos missionários e comerciantes portugueses. Mostra-se as consequências das leis anti-cristãs e meios usados pelo governo para detectar e eliminar o cristianismo. Conclue-se apresentando a primeira fase do isolamento do Japão.