Risk of cesarean delivery after vaginal inserts with prostaglandin analogs and single-balloon catheter used for cervical ripening and induction of labor

(1) Background: Induction of labor is currently the most frequently performed procedure in modern obstetrics, referring to more than one in five women, and it is postulated that the percentage of labor induction will increase. (2) Methods: In total, 2935 patients in uncomplicated full-term pregnancy fulfilled the study inclusion criteria and underwent induction of labor. Pregnant women were divided into three groups: IOL with Dinoprostone, Misoprostol vaginal suppositories, and Foley catheter. Outcomes, including cesarean section rates, time to delivery, and cesarean section indications, were analyzed. (3) Results: There was statistically significantly more cesarean sections within 24 h in the Misoprostol group in comparison with the Dinoprostone and Foley catheter groups (p < 0.0001). The percentage of patients who had a cesarean section due to clinically diagnosed threatened fetal asphyxia was 63% in the Dinoprostone group, 81.3% in the Misoprostol group, and 55.3% in the Foley catheter group. There were statistically significantly more cesarean deliveries due to nonreassuring fetal heart rate patterns within 24 h in the Misoprostol group in comparison with the Dinoprostone and Foley catheter groups (p = 0.0031 and p = 0.0363). (4) Conclusions: Misoprostol may cause a more turbulent and violent course of labor, with a higher rate of increased incidence of nonreassuring fetal heart rate patterns and cesarean deliveries. The use of a Dinoprostone vaginal insert or Foley catheter may provide longer labor, although still within 48 h, with a lower risk of cesarean section caused by nonreassuring fetal heart rate patterns.