Nowa powieść "nouveau roman" i eksperyment twórczy w powieściopisarstwie arabskim

New Novel and Creative Experiment in Arabic Narrative: In the 1960s, an experimental type of the so-called new novel appeared in Arabic narration. Some Arabic writers were strongly influenced by the nouveau roman – the type of 1950s French novel that diverged from classical literary genres. The most outstanding works within the new direction of the Arabic narritive include novels by Ġassān Kanafānī, Walīd Iḫlāṣī and Ġāda as-Sammān. Among the innovative works of the Palestinian writer Ġ. Kanafānī Mā tabaqqā lakum (All that’s Left of You) can be considered the most distinctive Arabic novel influenced by the Western narrative in its form and content. The innovation was obvious in the creative methods of Kanafānī since his first novel, Riğāl fī aš-šams (Men in the Sun), and even his unfinished novels: Al-A‘mā wa al-aṭraš (The Blind and the Deaf), Al-‘Āšiq (The Lover) and Barqūq naysān (April Anemones). Kanafānī’s works had a modern construction using modest descriptions, delicate sketching of characters and modern narrative styles. Each of his next novel was like a new adventure, where he experimented new forms of narration. The Syrian writer W Iḫlāṣī has published many works influenced by the French novel, including: Šitā’ al-baḥr al-yābis (Winter of the Dry Sea), Aḥḍān as-sayyida al-ğamīla (The Embrace of the Beautiful Lady) and Aḥzān ar-ramād (The Griefs of ashes). The first of them, Šitā’ al-baḥr al-yābis, was considered the pioneer novel in Syrian prose modeled on the French nouveau roman. The Syrian writer Ġ. as-Sammān’s works, such like Bayrūt 75 (Beirut 75) and Kawābīs Bayrūt (Beirut Nightmares), are also considered to be an example of the new novel in both the form and the content. The influence of Western narrative techniques is evident in them. The creative experiments in the works of Ġ. Kanafānī, W. Iḫlāṣī and Ġ. as-Sammān were not limited to the form but also affected the content, while maintaining the Arabic character of the novel. As a result of such creative experiments, Arabic narration has developed dynamically. Young writers became accustomed to innovative narrative techniques, based on complicated styles, often incorporating elements of fantasy into their works. Their texts contained bold views reflecting the spirit of time.