Przekłady grecko-arabskie i arabsko-łacińskie w wiekach IX-XIII jako egzemplifikacja tłumaczenia jako "przepisywania" oraz ich znaczenie dla kultury Zachodu

The paper examines the two-stage process of Greek-Arabic and Arabic-Latin translations between the 9th and 13th centuries as an example of translation understood as “rewriting,” following the concept of André Lefevere. The study highlights the historical and cultural significance of these translations in the transmission of knowledge from the ancient Greco-Roman world to the Islamic civilization and subsequently to medieval Europe. It discusses the role of patronage, textual genres, and translators, emphasizing how translation shaped intellectual developments in both Islamic and Western cultures. The research argues that translation was not merely a linguistic operation but an act of cultural adaptation and knowledge transfer, which played a crucial role in shaping Western scientific and philosophical thought.