Autonomization of "Lilliputians": small states in international relations in theoretical approach

Small states constitute the largest group of states in the world. The aim of the article is to analyze the position and role of small states in international relations, with particular attention paid to the aspect of security. The article examines two hypotheses: small states build their international position by specializing in specific areas; small states are dependent on great powers for security guarantees. The article is of an analytical and theoretical nature. The starting point is to define small states as actors in international relations. Next, small state status seeking theory is presented. This theory, although almost absent in Polish literature, allows for explaining the behavior of small states in the international arena, which in other approaches could be considered irrational. A crucial element of the study is the analysis of the assumptions of the theory of alliance refuge. It is useful in explaining the foreign policy of small states and helps to understand the motivations that guide political decision-makers in small states when looking for allies.