The impact of population factor on the state policy and international relations in 21st century in the context of population ageing

In the 21st century, population is still a significant factor influencing the development of states and their position in the international arena, as well as the relations between them. The significance of this factor is often underestimated, although the structure of the population and the qualitative characteristics of the population affect both domestic and international policy, especially in the context of migration flows. The author argues that without knowing and understanding the causes and effects of population processes, it is impossible to effectively counteract the challenges that the population ageing - the most important demographic phenomenon of the 21st century - brings to states and regions. These challenges will require redefining the population policies of states and consistent cooperation on the international forum in the context of „investment” in broadly understood human capital.