Głos troski i sprawiedliwości w myśleniu moralnym kobiet i mężczyzn

One of the most important problems in moral psychology are gender differences in moral judgment. Scientists still debate whether men and women are more different or more similar in their socio-moral development. Gilligan (1982) suggested that there are two moral orientations linked to gender. Men are more likely to use and prefer a justice orientation, which, as described in Kohlberg’s (1969, 1984) theory, is focused on adjudicating competing claims and rights, while women are more likely to use and prefer a care orientation, which, according to Gilligan, is focused on preserving and enhancing relationships. Individuals who use the morality of justice are concerned with reciprocity, fairness and individual autonomy. The ethic of care promotes interpersonal relationships, responsibility for serving the needs of others and protecting them from physical and psychological harm. The aim of this article is to review Kohlberg’s and Gilligan’s models of justice and care and consider the role of gender in moral development.