The uses and the abuses of education about the Holocaust in Poland after 1989

New historiography of the Holocaust, revealing the dark pages of national histories, stained with the facts of group and individual collaboration with Nazi Germany, makes the Polish state (like some others: Ukraine, Baltic states, Hungary), national groups, and individuals, feel uncomfortable. Disparities have grown between Holocaust research and education elsewhere but it was only Poland that passed a law which attempted to redefine Polish collective identity with reference to attitudes toward Jews during the Holocaust. This article investigates challenges of education about the Holocaust in Poland, including post-1989 strategies and initiatives in the context of post-memory of the Shoah.